TRPA1 | Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily A Member 1
Family:
Transient receptor potential channels
Subgroups:
TRPC (TRPC1–TRPC7), TRPV (TRPV1-TRPV6), TRPA1, TRPM (TRPM1–TRPM8), TRPP (TRPP1–TRPP3, PKD1, PKDREJ, PKDL1–PKDL3), TRPML (TRPML1–TRPML3), TRPN
Topology:
Most TRP channels are composed of 6 transmembrane domains (helices) with intracellular N- and C-termini, non-selectively permeable to various cations
TRPA1: Background information
TRPA1, also known as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and ANKTM1, is an ion channel best known as sensor for environmental irritants giving rise to somatosensory modalities such as pain, cold and itch. TRPA1 contains 14 N-terminal ankyrin repeats and is believed to function as a mechanical and chemical stress sensor. Studies indicate that the function may involve a role in signal transduction, growth control and as chemosensor. TRPA1 is considered as an attractive pain target as it has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators.
Gene:
TRPA1
Human Protein:
UniProt O75762
Tissue:
Peripheral sensory neurons, hair cells, nociceptive neurons, human fibroblasts, liposarcoma cells,
Function/ Application:
Detection of chemical stimulus in sensory perception of pain, temperature transducer for ‘‘cold’’, nociceptive transduction, inflammation, inner ear function, calcium ion transmembrane transport
Pathology:
Episodic pain syndrome, familial, 1 (FEPS1), hyperalgesia, asthma, dentin sensitivity, somatoform disorder
Interaction:
AITC, HC030031, TMEM100, bradykinin, CYLD, SCMA, A-967079, PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1, Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase
Modulator:
Gingerol, allicin, gentamycin, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, mustard oil, menthol, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ruthetium red
Assays:
Patch Clamp: whole cell, extracellular perfusion
Particularities:
Ligand-gated as well as mechano-sensitive ion channel
Recommended Reviews:International Union of Pharmacology. XLIII. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels: transient receptor potential channels., Pharmacol Rev 55(4):591-6 Clapham, et al. 2003
Data and Applications
TRPA1 - Temperature Dependency
Orbit mini data and applications:
(A) Effect of temperature on TRPA1 activity
(B) The open probability (Po) versus the temperature and fitted with Boltzmann equation (EC50 was found at 14˚C).
The Arrhenius plot of the same data resulted in a Q10 of 46 (Literature: Q10 ~ 40).
TRPA1 - Current Traces
Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Millipore.
Shown is a screenshot from a recording on a 4-channel Patchliner from HEK293 cells expressing TRPA1. Currents were activated by ca. 20 s application of 3 μM AITC followed by wash out. On the left raw whole cell currents as responses to 0.2 s voltage ramps (−100 mV to +100 mV) which were applied every 10 s are shown. On the right currents at +95 mV are plotted against time.
TRPA1 - Current Time Course
Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Millipore.
Shown is the time course of the current measured at +95 mV from an individual cell. The legend indicates the time periods in which the activator AITC was applied. Here we demonstrate the reproducibility of the current responses for TRPA1.
TRPA1 - Application of AITC and HC030031
SyncroPatch 96 (a predecessor model of SyncroPatch 384PE) data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by EMD Milipore.
Screenshot of online analysis data of hTRPA1 expressing HEK 293 cells as recorded on one 4x hole NPC-96 patch clamp chip. Currents were obained by performing ramps from -50 mV to +50 mV. Graphs show the summation of the current amplitudes of 4 cells per well, which were activated by 3 μM AITC and inhibited by 30 μM HC030031 plotted against time. For highlighted experiments, note the blue shade overlaid on the curves represents the full block with HC. The grey shade represents the activation step, the white color the wash steps.
Webinars
27.01.2016 | Webinar: Instant bilayers - just add protein.
Orbit 16 and Orbit Mini
This webinar covers the use of the lipid bilayer platforms from Nanion: the Orbit16 and the Orbit mini for characterization of membrane proteins like ion channels, bacterial porins and biological nanopores. Both bilayer systems support high quality low noise recordings, but differ in throughput capabilities and experimental features. The Orbit16, introduced in 2012 is a device for efficient formation of 16 lipid bilayers simultaneously, allowing for parallel bilayer-reconstitution of ion channels and nanopores.
07.10.2015 | Webinar: Patch Clamp Made Easy, Fast Track to Excellence
Port-a-Patch
This webinar shows applications that go way beyond possibilities of conventional patch-clamping, where the Port-a-Patch facilitates completely novel scientific directions.
Posters
2016 - Next level toxicity screening: From single channel to overall cell behavior
Orbit mini, 
CardioExcyte 96 and SyncroPatch 384PE (a predecessor model of the SyncroPatch 384i) poster, Meeting of the French Society of Toxinology (SFET) 2015 
(0.9 MB)
2015 - The backstage pass to study your favorite TRP channel
Port-a-Patch and Patchliner and SyncroPatch 384PE (a predecessor model of SyncroPatch 384i) and SyncroPatch 384PE poster, TRP Meeting 2015 (2.2 MB)
Application Notes
TRPA1 - "TRPA1 activation by allyl isothiocyanate recorded on the Port-a-Patch"
Port-a-Patch application note: (1.4 MB)
TRPA1 - "High Throughput Activation and Block of hTRPA1 on Nanion’s SyncroPatch 384PE"
SyncroPatch 384PE (a predecessor model of the SyncroPatch 384i) application note (0.6 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.
Publications
2020 - New natural agonists of the transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel
Port-a-Patch publication in Nature Scientific Reports (2020)
Authors:
Legrand C., Merlini J.M., de Senarclens‑Bezençon C., Michlig S.
2020 - Human TRPA1 is an inherently mechanosensitive bilayer-gated ion channel
Port-a-Patch and 
Vesicle Prep Pro publication in Cell Calcium (2020)
Authors:
Moparthi L., Zygmunt P.M.
2020 - Calcium activates purified human TRPA1 with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain in the absence of calmodulin
Port-a-Patch and Vesicle Prep Pro publication in Cell Calcium (2020)
Authors:
Moparthi L., Moparthi S.B., Wenger J., Zygmunt P.M.
2018 - Differential interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides with lipid membranes: implications for TRPA1-mediated chemosensation
Vesicle Prep Pro publication in Scientific Reports (2018)
Authors:
Startek J.B., Talavera K., Voets T., Alpizar Y.A.
2016 - The N-terminal Ankyrin Repeat Domain Is Not Required for Electrophile and Heat Activation of the Purified Mosquito TRPA1 Receptor
Port-a-Patch and Vesicle Prep Pro publication in Nature (2016)
Authors:
Survery S., Moparthi L., Kjellbom P., Högestätt E.D., Zygmunt P.M., Johanson U.
2016 - Photosensitization in Porphyrias and Photodynamic Therapy Involves TRPA1 and TRPV1
Port-a-Patch and Vesicle Prep Pro publication in The Journal of Neuroscience (2016)
Authors:
Babes A., Sauer S.K., Moparthi L., Kichko T.I., Neacsu C., Namer B., Filipovic M., Zygmunt P.M., Reeh P.W., Fischer M.J.
2016 - Human TRPA1 is a heat sensor displaying intrinsic U-shaped thermosensitivity
Port-a-Patch and Vesicle Prep Pro publication in Scientific Reports (2016)
Authors:
Moparthi L., Kichko T. I., Eberhardt M., Högestätt E. D., Kjellbom P., Johanson U., Reeh P., W., Leffler A., Filipovic M. R., Zygmunt P. M.
2014 - Human TRPA1 is intrinsically cold- and chemosensitive with and without its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain
Port-a-Patch and Vesicle Prep Pro publication in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2014)
Authors:
Moparthi L., Survery S., Kreir M., Simonsen C., Kjellbom P., Högestätt E.D., Johanson U., Zygmunt P.M.
2014 - Calcium regulation by temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential channels in human uveal melanoma cells
Port-a-Patch publication in Cellular Signalling (2014)
Authors:
Mergler S., Derckx R., Reinach P.S., Garreis F., Böhm A., Schmelzer L., Skosyrski S., Ramesh N., Abdelmessih S., Polat O.K., Khajavi N., Riechardt A.I.
2012 - TRPA1 Agonist Activity of Probenecid Desensitizes Channel Responses: Consequences for Screening
Patchliner publication in ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies (2012)
Authors:
McClenaghan C., Zeng F., Verkuyl J.M.
2009 - Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonists block the noxious effects of toxic industrial isocyanates and tear gases
Port-a-Patch publication in FASEB (2009)
Authors:
Bessac B.F., Sivula M., von Hehn C.A., Caceres A.I., Escalera, J, Jordt S.
2008 - TRPA1 is a major oxidant sensor in murine airway sensory neurons
Port-a-Patch publication in The Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)
Authors:
Bessac B.F., Sivula M., von Hehn C.A., Escalera J., Cohn L., Jordt S.E.