TRPV1 | Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1
Family:
Transient receptor potential channels
Subgroups:
TRPC (TRPC1–TRPC7), TRPV (TRPV1-TRPV6), TRPA1, TRPM (TRPM1–TRPM8), TRPP (TRPP1–TRPP3, PKD1, PKDREJ, PKDL1–PKDL3), TRPML (TRPML1–TRPML3), TRPN
Topology:
Most TRP channels are composed of 6 transmembrane domains (helices) with intracellular N- and C-termini, non-selectively permeable to various cations
TRPV1: Background information
TRPV1, also known as capsaicin receptor and vanilloid receptor 1, was the first isolated member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor proteins. The function of TRPV1 is detection and regulation of body temperature. In addition, TRPV1 provides a sensation of scalding heat and pain (nociception). TRPV1 may be activated by a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous physical and chemical stimuli. The best-known activators of TRPV1 are: temperature greater than 43 °C (109 °F); acidic conditions; capsaicin, the irritating compound in hot chili peppers. Upon prolonged exposure to capsaicin, TRPV1 activity decreases, a phenomenon called desensitization. Extracellular calcium ions are required for this phenomenon, thus influx of calcium and the consequential increase of intracellular calcium mediate this effect.
Gene:
TRPV1
Human Protein:
UniProt Q8NER1
Tissue:
Nociceptors, sensory neurons, brain, skin
Function/ Application:
Noxious chemical and thermal stimuli reception, apoptosis, temperature transducer for ‘‘heat’’
Pathology:
Pain, incontinence, inflammation, thermoception
Interaction:
TRPV2, TRPV3, calmodulin, PI3 kinase, PRKCE, PRKCM, adenosine
Modulator:
Capsaicin, alpha-linolenic acid, reiniferatoxin, vanillotoxin, agatoxin 489, capsazepine
Particularities:
Ligand-gated ion channel, as well as temperature- and pH-sensitive ion channel.
Assays:
Patch Clamp: whole cell, intracellular perfusion, temperature control;
Bilayer recordings: Temperature control
Recommended Reviews:International Union of Pharmacology. XLIII. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels: transient receptor potential channels., Pharmacol Rev 55(4):591-6 Clapham, et al. 2003