Patchliner - 多機能かつ堅牢なオートパッチ

P2X2/ P2X3 - Application of ATP on the Patchliner

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Cells were kindly supplied by Evotec AG, Hamburg, Germany

P2X_2/3 recorded from 1321N1 cells on the Patchliner. P2X_2/3 was activated by increasing concentrations of ATP with an EC₅₀ = 7.8 ± 1.0 µM (n = 10). ATP was applied for approximately 600 ms using the stacked solutions function of the Patchliner (holding potential = -80mV).

P2X2/ P2X3 - Repetitive activation on the Patchliner

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Cells were kindly supplied by Evotec AG, Hamburg, Germany

P2X_2/3 recorded from 1321N1 cells on the Patchliner. P2X_2/3 was activated repetitively (7 times) by 30 µM ATP.

P2X2/ P2X3 - Block by suramin on the Patchliner

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Cells were kindly supplied by Evotec AG, Hamburg, Germany

Block of P2X_2/3 receptors by suramin. Suramin at increasing concentrations (1 μM - 1 mM) was pre-incubated and then co-applied with 30 μM ATP. Full recovery from block was achieved upon washout (data not shown). Concentration response curve (right) for suramin block, IC₅₀ = 28.0 ± 5.3 μM (n = 7).

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 7 - Enhancement of nicotine and acetylcholine responses by PNU120596

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Galantos Pharma GmbH.

Representative current records of hα7-nAChR responses induced by nicotine and acetylcholine (ACh) (50, 100, 500 μM) in the absence (top) and presence of PNU-120596 (5, 10, 50 μM) (bottom). Horizontal bars indicate exposure time (233 ms) of compound(s). Data from Scheffel et al, 2018.

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 7 - Enhancement of cabamoylcholine and epidatidine responses by PNU120596

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Galantos Pharma GmbH.

Representative current records of carbamoylcholine- and epibatidine-induced nAChR activation in the absence and presence of PNU-120596. Horizontal bars indicate exposure time (233 ms) of compound(s) to the cell. Data from Scheffel et al, 2018.

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 7 - Enhancement by NS1738

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Galantos Pharma GmbH.

Concentration response curve for NS1738 co-applied with 300 μM ACh revealed an EC₅₀ = 2.6 ± 1.1 μM (n = 4). This is in excellent agreement with the literature (Timmermann et al, 2007, JPET 323: 294–307).

AMPA Receptor (GluA2) - Inhibition by CNQX

 Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by SB Drug Discovery.

The AMPA receptor (GluA2) was blocked by CNQX on the Patchliner. CNQX was pre-incubated and then co-applied with glutamate. CNQX blocked the GluA2-mediated response in a concentration dependent manner and the potency was dependent on glutamate concentration (left). Exemplar GluA2-mediated responses are shown on the right activated by 100 µM glutamate and inhibited by increasing concentrations of CNQX.

hERG - Pharmacology of Cisapride, using the CiPA protocol

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Charles River.

The effect of cisapride on hERG currents was investigated, using the CiPA voltage step protocol. Measured on the Patchliner the perforated patch methodology (Escin) and multi-hole chips (4 holes per well) were used. The IC₅₀ value of Cisapride was determined as 112 nM.

Cardiac Ion Channels - Pharmacology of Vandetanib

    CardioExcyte 96 and      Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Charles River and Cellular Dynamics.

The image on the left hand side displays the results of the blocking effect of Vandetanib on hERG, Na_V1.5, Ca_V1.2 and K_V4.3. The compound induced arrhythmia when iPSC-CM were exposed to a minimum concentration of 1 µM. Arrhytmic events were both detected in field potential recordings as well as in the impedance based contractility.

GABAA Receptor - Currents in iCell Neurons

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cellular Dynamics.

Activation of GABA_A receptor currents by 30 μM GABA and partial block of the current response by 1 μM bicuculline. Bicuculline was pre-applied for at least 30 s before co-application with GABA (30 μM). Approximately 50% of the current was blocked by 1 μM bicuculline.

Neurons (iPSC-derived) - Voltage Gated Potassium Currents

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cellular Dynamics.

A Voltage-gated K⁺ current recorded in iCell^® neurons. Current responses to a voltage step protocol. An outward K+ current can be seen in this cell.
B Corresponding IV plot from an average of 7 cells. 

Neurons (iPSC-derived) - TXX Block of Sodium Currents

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cellular Dynamics.

A Block of Na⁺ current by increasing concentrations of TTX. Current was blocked by low nM concentrations of TTX indicating a TTX sensitive Na+ channel type expressed in this cell.
B Concentration response curve for TTX inhibition, IC50 = 4.9 nM (n =1).

Neurons (iPSC-derived) - Voltage-Gated Sodium Currents

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cellular Dynamics.

Voltage-gated Na⁺ current recorded in iCell^® Neurons. Current responses to a voltage step protocol.
A large inward Na⁺ current can be seen in this cell with a K⁺ outward current present at positive voltages.
B Normalised IV plot from an average of 4 cells.

NaV1.8 - Voltage Dependent Block by Tetracaine

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

Recordings were made on the Pachliner. The potency of tetracaine was affected by holding potential, becoming less potent with a more negative holding potential. Average concentration response curve for tetracaine, IC₅₀ = 35 ± 8 μM (n = 3) for Vhold - 90 mV and 74 ± 15 μM (n = 4) for Vhold - 120 mV.

NaV1.8 - Tetracaine Pharmacology

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

A Raw traces from an exemplar cell recorded on the Patchliner showing inhibition of current by increasing concentrations of tetracaine. Shown are current responses to a single step protocol to 20 mV for 25 ms from a holding potential of -90 mV. Current amplitude was completely recovered upon washout of tetracaine (red trace).
B Timeplot of the experiment.

NaV1.8 - Current-Voltage Relationship

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

A Raw traces from an exemplar cell recorded on the Patchliner. Shown are current responses to increasing voltage steps from -80 to +60 mV.
B Average current-voltage plot, Vhalf of activation was -9 mV (n = 19).
C Average inactivation plot, Vhalf of inactivation was -24 mV (n = 4). Na_V1.8 currents started to activate at about -40 mV, peak response was elicited at around 20 mV.

CaV3.2 - Mibefradil Antagonism

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

Dose dependent block by Mibefradil on current traces from an individual cell expressing Ca_V3.2. Data was averaged and fitted to the Hill equation

CaV3.2 - Inactivation

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

Current responses of a double pulse protocol with varying test potentials between the pulses (5 s) was used to determine the half inactivating potential. Peak current responses to the second pulse are expressed relative to the response to the first pulse. Both curves in Figure 5 were fitted to the Boltzmann equation and revealed a half-inactivating potential of -65 mV and a half-activating potential of -33 mV.

CaV3.2 - Current-to-Voltage Relationship

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore

Representative current responses of an individual cell expressing Ca 2.2 to a standard voltage protocol. The average mean current at -20 mV of all recorded cells was -785 ± 110 pA (n = 12).

CaV2.2 - Cadmium Block

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

The image shows current response of an individual cell in the presence of increasing cadmium concentrations. The IC₅₀ was calculated from the Hill fit to be 3.6 ± 0.4 μM (n = 5).

CaV2.2 - Current Voltage Relationship

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore

Representative current responses of an individual cell expressing Ca_V2.2 to a I/V voltage protocol. The average peak current at 30 mV of all recorded cells was -698 ± 115 pA (n = 6).

TRPM3 - Positive modulation

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Cells were kindly provided by Prof. Thomas Voets, KU Leuven, Belgium.

A Current responses to a voltage ramp protocol from -150 mV to 150 mV over 200 ms in response to 100 μM pregnenolone sulphate (PS) and in combination with increasing concentrations of compound C. B Current responses elicited by PS, enhancement by 30 μM compound C and block of the current by co-application of antagonist (10 μM).

Cardiac Action Potentials - Automated recordings from iCells

   Patchliner data and applications:
The stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iCell) were kindly supplied by Cellular Dynamics.

In this example both Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ mediate the action potential. When nifedipine is applied in the current clamp mode, the action potential is shortened significantly due to block of the calcium channels.

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 7 - Stable nicotine responses

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Galantos Pharma GmbH.

Stable whole-cell current amplitudes were obtained by repeated 100 mM nicotine stimulation of HEK293 cells expressing human nACha7 receptors. The stacked application protocol was used. 

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 7 - Activation and Dose Response Curve

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Galantos Pharma GmbH.

Complete nicotine dose response curves were obtained by applying increasing concentrations of nicotine to a HEK293 cell expressing human nicotinic α7 acetyl choline receptors. The stacked application protocol was used.

TRPV3 - Temperature Activation

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Millipore.

Recordings from a HEK cell expressing TRPV3 were made with the Patchliner showing activation by heat. External solution was heated inside the Patchliner pipette to the temperature shown and applied to the cells. TRPV3 was activated at temperatures ≥ 38°C.

hERG - Application of "Sticky Compounds"

   Patchliner data and applications:
hERG expressing HEK293 cells were kindly provided by Cytomyx/Millipore.

Even sticky compounds pose no problem for the Patchliner. IC₅₀ measurements of well known sticky substances were determined on the Patchliner: Terfenadine IC₅₀ = 11.0 ± 3 nM, Flunarizine IC₅₀ 163.7 ± 19 nM and Cisapride IC₅₀ 8.9 ± 3 nM.

Gramicidin - Bilayer Recordings

   Patchliner data and applications:

With suction the GUVs are attracted to the aperture. As soon as one GUV hits the glass substrate, it bursts and forms a bilayer across the aperture. Shown are single channel recordings from gramicidin which was incorprated into the bilayer after its formation. Traces were recorded in 100 mM HCl at −100 mV.

GABAA receptors - Investigation of Modulators

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by AstraZeneca.

The top images show dose dependent block of GABA_A currents by bicuculline. The IC₅₀ was determined as 1.2 ± 0.2 μM (n=11). The lower graph shows the positive modulation of glycine activation of hGlyRα1. Here, six co-applications of 20 μM glycine and increasing concentrations of a positive modulator are shown.

Glycine Receptor (GlyRa1) - Accurate Pharmacology

   Patchliner data and applications: 
Cells were kindly provided by AstraZeneca.

Two different application protocols were used to study the effect of exposure time on glycine receptor pharmacology for cells expressing hGlyRα1. As shown from the raw data traces and corresponding Hill plots, the highest concentration, 3 mM glycine, did not elicit the maximum peak response during long exposures (22 s), in contrast to stacked applications (1 s).

GABAA Receptor - Stacked Application Technology

  Patchliner data and applications:

Ligand gated ion channels often display receptor desensitization. A method was developed to minimize ligand exposure times and intervals between ligand exposures. The pipette first aspirates buffer, then compound. When expelling this stack, the cell is first exposed to ligand and then buffer. Exposure times as low as 400 ms are possible with this method. A GABA dose response curve, aquired in this manner, is shown on the left.

TRPV1 - Transient Heat Activation

  Patchliner data and applications:

The current responses of a CHO cell expressing TRPV1 (ramp -100 mV to +100 mV) at increasing temperatures is shown. The ET₅₀ value was determined as 64°C. Challenge of the same cell with capsaicin (1 μM) and temperature (70°C) allows comparison of the responses. IC₅₀s for ruthenium red block of capsaicin- and heat-responses were determined as 1.6 ± 0.2 μM (n = 3) and 7.4 ± 1.3 μM (n = 3), respectively.

KV1.3 - Reproducible Compound Application

  Patchliner data and applications:

Application of 5 μM quinidine leads to about 50 % block of the K_V1.3 currents (blue). After washout, the current is fully recovered (grey). The lower graph shows corresponding Imax (+40 mV) in the absence and presence of 5 μM quinidine, for two different cells with eight consecutive application and washout steps. The recording lasted over 40 minutes!

KV1.3 - Internal Solution Exchange during Recording

  Patchliner data and applications:

A unique feature of the Patchliner is its ability to exchange the internal solution during the recording. The figure shows recordings of K_V1.3 from two Jurkat cells (simultaneoulsy recorded) in the presence of control internal solution, after the exchange of the internal solution with a Cs⁺ solution, and subsequent washout (left to right).

Astrocytes - Internal Perfusion

  Patchliner data and applications:
Data courtesy of C. Peers, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Whole cell currents from rat cortical astrocytes (primary culture) were evoked by 500 ms long depolarizing voltage steps (-100 mV to +40 mV). Currents were blocked by administration of internal Cs⁺, and recovered when switching back to Cs⁺-free internal solution. Averaged data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. (n=35). For more information, see Nature 254, 4 (2), 2009.

NaV1.5 - Stable Access Resistance

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

The I/V-characteristics of Na_V1.5 currents (HEK293) are shown together with the repeated dose dependent block by TTX (lower panel). Five concentrations of TTX (0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30 μM) were applied, followed by washout with antagonist-free buffer and re-application of the same TTX concentrations. 

Cardiac Ion Channels - Pharmacology of Sodium Channels

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells (Cor.AT) were kindly provided by Axiogenesis.

The pharmacology of dibucaine was investigated by the application of 0.3, 1, 3, 10 μM in the presence of 10 μM nifedipine (L-type Ca²⁺-current blocker). Two control additions of nifedipine (10 μM) were made before the addition of increasing concentrations of dibucaine. The IC₅₀ value was determined as 355 ± 40 nM (n=3), which is in accordance with the literature.

Cardiac Ion Channels - Recordings from SC-Derived Cardiomyocytes

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Ncardia.

The left picture shows a typical action potential from Cor.At^® cardiomyocytes. Whole cell currents recorded in the voltage clamp mode reveal cardiomyocyte-typical ion channels (right). The traces represent mERG-, L-type Ca²⁺- (blue, block by 50 μM nifedipine), Na⁺- and K⁺-currents (from top left to bottom right).

hERG - Efficient Screening

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cytomyx/Millipore.

The effects of six different blockers (terfenadine, cisapride, E4031, astemizole, propafenone, quinidine) on hERG currents (HEK293 cells) were investigated. Expected IC₅₀ values for the different compounds were obtained. In two days, 119 full dose response curves were collected by a single person. Data was analyzed using Nanion’s Data Analysis Package, a very efficient and convenient data analysis tool!

Cardiac Action Potentials - From SC-Derived Cardiomyocytes

    Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Ncardia.

Action potentials recorded from stem-cell derived cardiomyocyetes (Cor.At^® cardiomyocytes). Action potentials are triggered by small current pulses. Effects of quinidine and lidocaine on the action potentials are shown.

hERG - Simple Data Analysis

   Patchliner data and applications:

With our analysis tools, especially programmed routines in Igor make dose response curves, raw data and current time courses easily accessible. Also, creating average dose response curves over multiple experiments - even conducted on different days - remains easy.

hERG - Block at Physiological Temperature

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cytomyx/Millipore, UK.

The effects of erythromycin on hERG currents were tested at different temperatures. Erythromycin has been shown to block hERG channels at physiological temperature with an IC₅₀ of approx. 40 µM. However, at RT erythromycin is much less potent. For more details on these experiments please refer to the Application Note. 

AMPA Receptor (GluA2) - Fast Activation

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by University of Sussex.

Shown is concentration dependent activation of GluA2 receptors (known as AMPA receptors) by 10 μM, 30 μM, 100 μM, 300 µM and 1 mM Na-Glutamate from a GluA2 expressing HEK293 cell. The rising phase is enlarged in the right graph.

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 3 Beta 4 - Concentration Response Curve to Nicotine

  Patchliner data and applications:

Shown are the a raw current responses of a HEK293 cell expressing AChR (α₃β₄) to increasing concentrations of nicotine. Solutions were  stacked (layered) in the pipette to achieve brief exposure times.

Erythrocytes - Whole Cell Recordings

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly donated by Dr. Andrea Brüggemann.

Whole cell current recordings from erythrocytes recorded on an eight-channel Patchliner.

Erythrocytes - Single Channel Recordings

   Patchliner data and applications:

The membrane of erythrocytes contains different ion channels like Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels, or the volume-sensitive Na⁺/K⁺ pump. Studies also revealed the participation of a Ca²⁺-permeable non-selective cation channel in the regulation of erythrocyte 'apoptosis'. Shown are single channel fluctuations as recorded from an erythrocyte in the cell attached configuration on the Patchliner.

CFTR - Regulation

   Patchliner data and applications:

The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is activated by forskolin. The upper graph shows the timecourse of currents recorded at +95 mV. The bar above the data indicates the time of compound application. Arrows indicate data from which time points were averaged in the lower figure (n = 3).

You can download the full report here.

Kir channels - Rapid external solution exchange study in RBL cells

  Patchliner data and applications:

The basophilic leucaemia cells (RBL) exhibit an inwardly rectifying potassium current, Kir. Changing the external K⁺ concentration (here between 4.5 mM and 143 mM) leads to a change of the current amplitude of the inward current (holding: -100 mV). This gives us a convenient tool to study the speed of the external solution exchange which was determined as ~50 ms.

hERG - Stable Recordings

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cytomyx/Millipore, UK.

A series of drug concentrations can be applied to each cell. The top figures show the original traces and the corresponding average dose-response curve. Five concentrations of Quinidine (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 μM) have been applied.

The lower figure shows the corresponding Imax (-40 mV) including a wash out step and an additional application of the blocker to demonstrate the stability of whole cell recordings.

NaV1.5 - Lidocaine Block

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Cytomyx/Millipore.

Full dose response curves at different holding potentials were recorded for each cell (hNav1.5 in HEK293). Currents were elicited by a 10 ms voltage step to 0 mV. Plotted are average peak currents as a function of holding potential and lidocaine concentration. 

TRP Channels - Currents in Smooth Muscle Cells

  Patchliner data and applications:
Data are taken from Milligan C.J. et al., Nature Protocols, 2009, 4(2), 244-255.

Left: Illustrative time series showing currents at +80 mV and −80 mV in a smooth muscle cell exposed to extracellular Gd³⁺ (100 μM) and then 2-APB (75 μM). Right: Membrane resistance (R_m), series resistance (R_S) and membrane capacitance (C_m) values for successful recordings from smooth muscle cells.

P2X7 - Application of BzATP

  Patchliner data and applications:
Data are taken from Milligan C.J. et al., Nature Protocols, 2009, 4(2), 244-255.

BzATP concentration response curve obtained from wild-type P2X₇ receptors. Data are fite to the Hill equation with an EC₅₀ of 69.7 ± 7.5 μM. The inset show representative currents evoked by BzATP (3 − 100 μM). Holding potential was −60 mV.

TRPA1 - Current Time Course

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly supplied by Millipore.

Shown is the time course of the current measured at +95 mV from an individual cell. The legend indicates the time periods in which the activator AITC was applied. Here we demonstrate the reproducibility of the current responses for TRPA1.

TRPA1 - Current Traces

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Cells were kindly supplied by Millipore.

Shown is a screenshot from a recording on a 4-channel Patchliner from HEK293 cells expressing TRPA1. Currents were activated by ca. 20 s application of 3 μM AITC followed by wash out. On the left raw whole cell currents as responses to 0.2 s voltage ramps (−100 mV to +100 mV) which were applied every 10 s are shown. On the right currents at +95 mV are plotted against time.

TRPC5 - Block by Gadolinium

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Data are taken from Milligan C.J. et al., Nature Protocols, 2009, 4(2), 244-255.

Current voltage relationships showing activaion of TRPC5 by extracellular application of Gd³⁺ (100 μM). Voltage ramps (−100 mV to 100 mV, holding potential 0 mV) were for 1s at 0.1 Hz.

KV7.5 - Current Voltage Recordings

  Patchliner data and applications:

Screenshot of K_V7.5 recordings obtained on an eight-channel Patchliner. Currents are responses to an current voltage relationship type step pulse protocol.

Potassium Currents - Measuring Human Lymphoblasts

  Patchliner data and applications:
Data are taken from Milligan C.J. et al., Nature Protocols, 2009, 4(2), 244-255.

An illustrative typical family of traces obtained during construction of a current voltage relationship from a human lymphoblast recording using amphotericin B (perforated patch). Currents were evoked by voltage steps from holding (−80 mV) to potentials varying from −100 mV to +60 mV.

TRPC1 (Smooth Muscle Cells) - Pharmacology

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Data are taken from Li, J. et al., Circulation Research, 2008,103(8), e97-104.

(a) Example whole cell recording showing current evoked by extracellular application of 2 μM thapsigargin (TG) and subsequent inhibition by 10 μM lanthanum (La³⁺). (b) As for (a) but showing the effect of 20 μg/ml anti-STIM1 antibody. (c) For the experiment shown in (b), curren voltage relationships for the current evoked by TG and blocked by anti-STIM1 antibody. (d) Mean currents normalized to pre-antibody values showing the effect of 20 μg/ml ani-STIM1 antibody and lack of effects for IgG or denatured anti-STIM1 antibody.

Glycine Receptor (GlyRa1 & GlyRa3) - Dose Response Analysis

   Patchliner data and applications:

(A) Effects of indicated concentrations of 3 on α1 and α3 GlyR currents activated by EC₂₀ glycine concentrations as indicated. Unfilled bars denote glycine applications and filled bars denote compound applications. (B & C) Average dose response curves of 3 at α1 and α3 GlyRs, respectively.
Data are taken from Balansa W. et al., Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Apr 15;18(8):2912-9.

Astrocytes - Analysing Potassium Currents

  Patchliner data and applications:
Data are taken from Milligan C.J. et al., Nature Protocols, 2009, 4(2), 244-255

Left: Comparison of K⁺ current voltage relationships for rat astrocytes on the Patchliner (closed circles, n = 19) and on a conventional setup (open squares, n = 10). Currents were measured as a response to a voltage step protocol.
Right: Normalized K⁺ current amplitudes in rat astrocytes. Internal solution was changed to the same solution (K⁺, open circles, n = 7) or to one where Cs⁺ was substitued for K⁺ (Cs⁺,closed circles, n = 7). Currents were measured as responses to voltage steps from −100 mV to +40 mV.

TRPM3 - Pharmacology

  Patchliner data and applications: 
Data are taken from Naylor J. et al., British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008, 1-7.

Shown are whole cell currents as responses to 0.2 s voltage ramps (−100 mV to +100 mV) which were applied every 10 s. All cells were HEK293 cells induced to express TRPM3. (a and c) Mean currents sampled at −80 and +80 mV, each normalized to the amplitude immediately before bath application of antiserum (TM3E3; 1:500 dilution) without (a, n = 8) or with (c, n = 4) pre-adsorption to 10 μM antigenic peptide. Pregnenolone sulphate (PregS) was bath applied at 25 μM. (b and d) Typical current voltage relationships from the experiments underlying (a) and (c).

KCa1.1 (BK) - Activation by Internal Calcium

   Patchliner data and applications: 

Top: BK (K_Ca1.1) current voltage relationships in a single cell showing effects of changing the intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration (15 nM, n = 9; 108 nM, n = 11; 316 nM, n = 11).

Bottom: Comparison of BK (K_Ca1.1) current voltage relationships obtained on a conventional patch clamp setup (closed circles, n = 10) and on the Patchliner (open circles, n = 11).
Data are taken from Milligan C.J. et al., Nature Protocols, 2009, 4(2), 244-255.

Glycine Receptor - Potentiation

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells and the positive modulator were kindly provided by Astrazeneca, Södertälje, Sweden.

Original traces of one application of 20 μM glycine followed by 6 applications of 20 μM glycine in conjunction with increasing concentrations of a positive modulator. 1 mM glycine was used as a second positive control.

Glycine Receptor (GlyRa1) - Antagonist

   Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Astrazeneca, Södertälje, Sweden.

The figure shows current responses of a hGlyRα1 expressing L-tk cell to alternating exposures to 100 μM glycine and 100 μM glycine + 1 μM strychnine.

GABAA Receptor (a1b2g2) - Activation

   Patchliner data and applications:

Shown is concentration dependent activation of GABA_A (α1β2γ2) receptors by 1, 3 and 10 μM GABA from a GABA_A (α1β2γ2) expressing HEK293 cell. The rising phase in enlarged in the lower graph.

hERG - Pharmacology of Sotalol, Terfenadine, Verapamil (Results CiPA Phase I Study)

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Charles River.

The effect of four compounds on hERG currents were investigated, using the CiPA voltage step protocol. Measured on the Patchliner the perforated patch methodology (Escin) and multi-hole chips (4 holes per well) were used. The IC₅₀ value of Sotalol was determined as 157 µM, Terfenadine as 82.8 nM and Verapamil as 485 nM.

hERG - Pharmacology of Mexiletine, Quinidine, Ondansetron, Ranolazine (Results CiPA Phase I Study)

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Charles River.

The effect of four compounds on hERG currents were investigated, using the CiPA voltage step protocol. Measured on the Patchliner the perforated patch methodology (Escin) and multi-hole chips (4 holes per well) were used. The IC₅₀ value of Mexiletine was determined as 77.3 µM, Quinidine as 1.04 µM, Ondansetron as 1.13 µM and Ranolazine as 11.9 µM.

hERG - Pharmacology of Bepridil, Dofetilide, Cisapride, Diltiazem (Results CiPA Phase I Study)

  Patchliner data and applications:
Cells were kindly provided by Charles River.

The effect of four compounds on hERG currents were investigated, using the CiPA voltage step protocol. Measured on the Patchliner the perforated patch methodology (Escin) and multi-hole chips (4 holes per well) were used. The IC₅₀ value of Cisapride was determined as 112 nM, Bepridil as 178 nM, Dofetilide as 33.9 nM and Diltiazem as 14.5 µM.

Dr. Carol Milligan - Statement about the Patchliner

   "In 2006 we purchased two of Nanion's very first Patchliner systems for our laboratories at the University of Leeds. We have been working with both systems very successfully for nearly four years now which is reflected in our recent high quality publications.
We operate both Patchliner systems on a daily basis, serving five different laboratories within the Faculty of Biological Sciences. Due to the diversity between the five groups, our Patchliners have been thoroughly put through their paces. This means that we have tested a large variety of different cells and a vast array of channel types, both endogenously and exogenously expressed. For example, we have investigated endogenous transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in human vascular smooth muscle cells and human synoviocytes. In addition, we have studied endogenous ion channels in primary astrocytes, human lymphoblasts and neutrophils, to mention a few.

The high data output has resulted in the production of an enormous amount of extremely good quality data using both native and primary mammalian cells. Our ability to make successful recordings from primary cells using the Patchliner is an extraordinary accomplishment, especially because the primary cell types that we work with are generally very difficult to record from using conventional patch clamp. Another impressive feature of this platform is its ability to perform routine intracellular perfusion which has enabled studies which might not have previously been attempted. We have also included our new technology as part of our annual 'Leeds Ion Channel Workshop' where it is well received. The Patchliner has turned out to be a show case project for us and has opened up new opportunities which I believe will play important roles in the future successes of research projects here in Leeds."

Dr. Carol Milligan, Research Fellow
Faculty of Biological Science, Leeds University, Leeds, UK

Dr. Chris Fanger - Statement about the Patchliner

   "We acquired the Patchliner because of its high data quality output combined with versatile and unique experimental features such as temperature control and internal solution exchange. In our TRP-channel initiative, we record from diverse ion channels and cells, and Patchliner quickly delivered accurate data with minimal assay development required. The data throughput is substantially increased by Patchliner’s innovative hardware and software, supporting short cycle times between experiments, minimal redundancy in compound screening and unlimited user control of the experiments. We are convinced that the Patchliner allows us to progress faster towards new discoveries, and at the same time it gives us a competitive edge because of its vast experimental flexibility".

Dr. Chris Fanger, Director of Lead Discovery
Hydra Biosciences, Boston, MA, USA

Dr. Thomas Seeger - Statement about the Patchliner

   “The Patchliner is a very good choice for the Bundeswehr research center. This instrument possesses features and offers great versatility that allow a broad  range of experimental protocols on diverse cell lines and ion channel targets. The Patchliner cooling plate allows not only cooling of cells to ensure high quality recordings over a couple of hours with the same cell batch, but it also allows to accurately store temperature sensitive supplements or test compounds over the complete experimental time during the day. The Patchliner is a great system for our many electrophysiology projects which are used to find new therapeutical options.”

Dr. Thomas Seeger
Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany

Marc Rogers - Statement about the Patchliner and CardioExcyte 96

   "It has been an absolute pleasure and privilege to work with Niels and the Nanion team over the past decade. I firmly believe that our two small, but independently minded ion channel focused companies, share a similar business ethos and a clear focus on delivering cost-effective solutions to our customers. In our extensive use of the Patchliner platform since 2007, my teams have benefited from the dedication of Nanion’s service engineers, application scientists, and bespoke data acquisition routines, whilst Nanion have benefited from seeing their products applied and adapted to real-world drug discovery projects and assays."

   "This fruitful working relationship has now been extended to our use of the CardioExcyte96 phenotypic assay platform, which we utilise to develop and validate human iPSC cardiomyocyte cell lines and assays to meet the post-hERG, predictive cardiac safety testing needs of the drug discovery industry”."

Dr. Marc Rogers, CSO
Metrion Biosciences

Prof. Dr. David Weaver - Statement about the Patchliner

   “To invest in the Patchliner was a straightforward choice for the Vanderbilt Screening Center. This instrument combines a set of features that was particularly important to us. (...) Unlike other planar patch clamp devices we considered, the Patchliner gave us full access to the  electrophysiology modes we require for a broad range of experimental protocols including voltage clamp, current clamp, standard whole cell, cell attached, and perforated patch configurations combined with a facile ability to exchange the internal solution. (...) In a short time the Patchliner has already begun to expand Vanderbilt investigators’ horizons regarding what they can accomplish with electrophysiology.”

Dr. David Weaver, Research Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Director of the Chemical Biology's High-Throughput Screening Facility
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

Prof. Dr. Jerod Denton - Statement about the Patchliner

   "One of the biggest advantages of the Patchliner for our lab is that it enables students and fellows without formal training in patch clamp electrophysiology to begin generating meaningful data almost immediately. Instead of spending a couple of frustrating months learning the motor skills and hand-eye coordination necessary for conventional patch clamping with a microscope and micromanipulator, they spend that time designing and executing experiments, generating, evaluating and interpreting data and moving the project forward. The Patchliner also enables experimental flexibility that would be very difficult or impossible with conventional patch clamp rigs. For example, a talented undergraduate in the lab just finished up a series of intracellular drug application experiments. These studies would be difficult for the seasoned electrophysiologist and nearly impossible for an undergraduate student. However, the Patchliner allowed them to be completed in a very short period of time.

Another major advantage is that the Patchliner enables us to rapidly confirm or exclude hits from our primary fluorescence-based high-throughput screen using ­gold-standard electrophysiological methods. And the quality of the recordings rivals that of a conventional patch clamp rig. In fact, our first observations of pore "knock-off" of a new ROMK inhibitory small-molecule came from the Patchliner. These early observations from high-quality Patchliner recordings provided a clear ­direc­tion for subsequent mutagenesis work aimed at defining the binding site of this molecule within the cytoplasmic channel pore."

Jerod S. Denton, Ph.D.,Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

20.11.2018 | Webinar: The RELEVANCE of ion channel interplay – Voltage-activated channels in non-excitable cells

   SyncroPatch 384PE,      Patchliner,      Port-a-Patch Webinar

Date: November 20. 2018, 4:00 PM CET (11:00 AM EDT)

The Webinar focuses on the automated patch clamp assay development for the study of red blood cells in health and disease and the RELEVANCE project, an international consortium of 13 partners from academia, diagnostic labs, blood supply centers, and small companies that combines basic and translational research to improve prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches on red blood cell function in health and disease. To this end, Nanion contributes assays for the electrophysiological characterization of healthy and patient-derived red blood cells.

12.09.2018 | Webinar: CiPA study: Bridging ion channel and myocyte data

   CardioExcyte 96,      Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 384PE Webinar

Date: September 12, 4:00 PM CEST (10:00 AM EDT)

 Get up-to-date with the CiPA progress of the Myocyte and Ion Channel Work Goups:

• CiPA myocyte phase II validation study results: cross-site comparison using the CardioExcyte 96
• HTS Phase I study: an update on progress of the CiPA Ion Channel Work Stream using the SyncroPatch 384PE and Patchliner

27.06.2017 | Webinar: New Dynamics in Automated Patch Clamp

   Patchliner

This webinar shows new applications on dynamic patch clamp of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and introduces an assay on K_Ca3.1 expressed in erythrocytes

28.07.2015 | Webinar: High Throughput and High Fidelity: Automated Patch Clamp in Screening and Research

   SyncroPatch 384PE and      Patchliner 

The webinar covers the use of the Patchliner and the SyncroPatch 384/768PE for characterization of ion channels and screening of ion channel active compounds.

11.05.2013 | Webinar: Patchliner - unlimited experimental freedom

   Patchliner   Patchliner - unlimited experimental freedom

This Webinar covers the features of the Patchlliner, including the "minimized cell usage" for expensive cells.

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 3 Beta 4 - " Nicotinic a3b4 receptors recorded on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.5 MB)

preview the file here for download

Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 7 - "Human a7 nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on the Patchliner "

  Patchliner application note:      (0.2 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Galantos.

preview the file here for download

AMPA receptor (GluA2) - "Activation, potentiation and inhibition of AMPA receptors on the Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note      (1.2 MB)

preview the file here for download

ASIC3 - "Characterization of hASIC3 (HEK) on Nanion´s Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.6 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

preview the file here for download

Cardiac Ion Channels - "High Throughput Screening of Cardiac Ion Channels"

   SyncroPatch 384PE      Patchliner      CardioExcyte 96 application note      (2.3 MB)

preview the file here for download

Cardiomyocytes - "Combining automated patch clamp, impedance and EFP of hiPSC-CMs"

   CardioExcyte 96      SyncroPatch 3984PE      Patchliner Application Note 
Cells kindly provided by Takara-Clonetech.

preview the file here for download

Cardiomyocytes - "Recordings of action potentials in mouse ES cell-derived Cor.At cardiomyocytes on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.7 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Axiogenesis.  

preview the file here for download

Cardiomyocytes - "Voltage and current clamp recordings of Cellartis hiPS-CM on Nanion’s Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.5 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Takara Bio Europe AB.  

preview the file here for download

Cardiomyocytes - "Voltage and current clamp recordings of Cor.4U human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes on Nanion’s Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.6 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Axiogenesis.

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CaV2.2 - "Characterization of CaV2.2 (HEK293) on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.5 MB)

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CaV3.2 - "Characterization of CaV3.2 (HEK293) on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.6 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

preview the file here for download

CFTR - "Effect of internal F- on activation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance (CFTR) regulator by forskolin " (report)

   Patchliner application report:      (0.2 MB)

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CFTR - "Effect of internal F- on activation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance (CFTR) regulator by forskolin"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.7 MB)

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GABAA (a1b2g2) - "Patchliner - Investigating the pharmacology of GABAA receptors expressed in HEK293 cells"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.7 MB)

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GABAA (a1b2g2) - "Rapid agonist applications in precise intervals (GABAA) "

  Patchliner application note:      (1.5 MB)

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Glycine receptors (GlyRa1) - "Modulators for glycine receptors investigated using the Patchliner "

  Patchliner application note:      (0.4 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by AstraZeneca.

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hERG - "Effect of temperature on erythromycin action on hERG currents recorded on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.9 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

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KCa3.1 - "Modulation of hKCa3.1 by internal Ca2+ performed on Nanion’s Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.6 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Charles River.

preview the file here for download

KV1.3 - "Pharmacological analysis of heterologous and endogenous expressed KV1.3 channels in Sf21 insect cells and T-lymphocytes"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.7 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by conoGenetix.

preview the file here for download

NaV1.5 - "Characterization of CreaCell's hNaV1.5 (A-0822) on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.9 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by CreaCell.

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NaV1.5 - "Pharmacology of hNaV1.5 recorded on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.3 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

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NaV1.7 - "Pharmacology on hNaV1.7 performed on Nanion’s Patchliner at Vhalf "

  Patchliner application note:      (0.4 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Anaxon.

preview the file here for download

NaV1.8 - "Characterization of rNaV1.8 (ND7-23) on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.4 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Millipore.

preview the file here for download

Neurons - "Peri.4U and Dopa.4U stem cell-derived neurons recorded on Nanion´s Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.6 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Axiogenesis.  

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Neurons - "Stem cell-derived neurons recorded on Nanion's Patchliner"

  Patchliner application note:      (0.4 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Cellular Dynamics.

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P2X2 / P2X3 - "P2X2/3 receptors recorded on Nanion's Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.4 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Evotec.  

preview the file here for download

TRPM8 - "TRPM8 activation by menthol and Eucalyptol performed on Nanion’s Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.4 MB)
Cells were kindly provided by Charles River.

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TRPV1 - "Heat activation of TRPV1 on Nanion's Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.5 MB)

preview the file here for download

TRPV3 - "Heat activation of TRPV3 on Nanion's Patchliner"

   Patchliner application note:      (0.6 MB)

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Patchliner - Product Sheet

  Patchliner product sheet:       (2.5 MB)

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Patchliner Product Flyer - Cooling Plate

  Patchliner product flyer:       (3.3 MB)

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Patchliner Product Flyer - PatchControl HT Release 2017

  Patchliner product flyer:       (4.6 MB)

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2019 - Avoiding hERG-liability in drug design via synergetic combinations of different (Q)SAR methodologies and data sources: a case study in an industrial setting

   Patchliner publication in Journal of Cheminformatics (2019)

Authors:
Hanser T., Steinmetz F.P., Plante J., Rippmann F., and Krier M.

2018 - Selective NaV1.1 activation rescues Dravet syndrome mice from seizures and premature death

   Patchliner publication in PNAS (2018)

Authors:
Richards K.L., Milligan C.J., Richardson R.J., Jancovski N., Grunnet M., Jacobson L.H., Undheim E.A.B., Mobli M., Chow C.Y., Herzig V., Csoti A., Panyi G., Reid A.A., King G.F., Petrou S.

2018 - Evaluation of possible proarrhythmic potency: comparison of the effect of dofetilide, cisapride, sotalol, terfenadine and verapamil on hERG and native IKr currents and on cardiac action potential

   Patchliner publication in Toxicological Sciences (2018)

Authors:
Orvos P., Kohajda Z., Szlovák J., Gazdag P., Árpádffy-Lovas T., Tóth D., Geramipour A., Tálosi L., Jost N., Varró A., Virág L.

2018 - Electrophysiological investigation of the effect of structurally different bispyridinium non-oxime compounds on human α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity - An in vitro structure-activity analysis

   Patchliner publication in Toxicology Letters (2018)

Authors:
Scheffel C., Niessen K.V., Rappenglück S., Wanner K.T., Thiermann H., Worek F., Seeger T.

2018 - Discovery of a small molecule modulator of the Kv1.1/Kvβ1 channel complex that reduces neuronal excitability and in vitro epileptiform activity (2)

   Patchliner publication in CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics (2018)

Authors:
Niespodziany I., Mullier B., André V.M., Ghisdal P., Jnoff E., Moreno‐Delgado D., Swinnen D., Sands Z., Wood M., Wolff C.

2018 - Dehydroevodiamine and hortiamine, alkaloids from the traditional Chinese herbal drug Evodia rutaecarpa, are IKr blockers with proarrhythmic effects in vitro and in vivo

   Patchliner publication in Pharmacological Research (2018)

Authors:
Baburin I., Varkevisser R., Schramm A., Saxena P., Beyl S., Szkokan P., Linder T., Stary-Weinzinger A., van der Heyden M.A.G., Houtman M., Takanari H., Jonsson M., Beekman J.H.D., Hamburger M., Vos M.A., Hering S.

2018 - Counteracting desensitization of human α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with bispyridinium compounds as an approach against organophosphorus poisoning

   Patchliner publication in Toxicology Letters (2018)

Authors:
Scheffel C., Niessen K.V., Rappenglück S., Wanner K.T., Thiermann H., Worek F., Seeger T.

2018 - An update on the advancing high-throughput screening techniques for patch clamp-based ion channel screens: implications for drug discovery

   SyncroPatch 384/768PE and      Patchliner publication in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

Authors: 
Obergrussberger A., Goetze T.A., Brinkwirth N., Becker N., Friis S., Rapedius M., Haarmann C., Rinke-Weiß I., Stölzle-Feix S., Brüggemann A., George M., Fertig N.

2018 - A Previously Unrecognized Ca2+-inhibited Nonselective Cation Channel in Red Blood Cells

   Patchliner publication in HemaSphere (2018)

Authors:
Petkova-Kirova P., Hertz L., Makhro A., Danielczok J., Huisjes R., Llaudet-Planas E., Mañú-Pereira, M., Vives Corrons J.-L., van Wijk R., Bogdanova A., Kaestner L.

2018 - A Hybrid Model for Safety Pharmacology on an Automated Patch Clamp Platform: Using Dynamic Clamp to Join iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Simulations of IK1 Ion Channels in Real-Time

  Patchliner publication in Frontiers in Physiology

Authors: 
Goversen B., Becker., N., Stölzle-Feix S., Obergrussberger A., Vos M.A., van Veen T.A.B., Fertig N., de Boer T.P.

2017 - Trifluoperazine-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death and S-Nitrosylation Inhibition, Reversed by the Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside

   Patchliner publication in Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2017)

Authors:
Ghashghaeinia M., Wesseling M.C., Ramos E., Petkova-Kirova P., Waibel S., Lang E., Bissinger R., Alzoubi K., Edelmann B., Hosseinzadeh Z., Dreischer P., Shahvaroughi-Farahani A., Mrowietz U., Köberle M., Kaestner L., Bernhardt I., Martínez-Ruiz A., Wieder T., Lang F.

2017 - Purinergic receptors P2RX4 and P2RX7 in familial multiple sclerosis

  Patchliner publication in Human Mutation (2017)

Authors: 
Sadovnick A.D., Gu B.J., Traboulsee A.L., Bernales C.Q., Encarnacion M., Yee I.M., Criscuoli M.G., Huang X., Ou A., Milligan C.J., Petrou S, Wiley J.S, Vilariño-Güell C.

2017 - Myoclonus Epilepsy and Ataxia due to KCNC1 Mutation: Analysis of 20 Cases and K+ Channel Properties

  Patchliner publication in Annals in Neurobiology (2017)

Authors: 
Oliver K.L., Franceschetti S., Milligan C.J., Muona M., Mandelstam S.A., Canafoglia L., Boguszewska-Chachulska A.M., Korczyn A.D.,Bisulli F., Di Bonaventura C., Ragona F., Michelucci R., Ben-Zeev B., Straussberg R., Panzica F., Massano J., Friedman D., Crespel A., Engelsen B.A., Andermann F., Andermann E., Spodar K., Lasek-Bal A., Riguzzi P.,Pasini E., Tinuper P., Licchetta L., Gardella E., Lindenau M., Wulf A., Møller R.S.

2017 - L-Type Calcium Channel Inhibition Contributes to the Proarrhythmic Effects of Aconitine in Human Cardiomyocytes

  Patchliner publication in PLoS ONE (2017)

Authors: 
Wu J., Wang X., Chung Y.Y. Koh C.H. Liu Z., Guo H., Yuan Q., Wang C., Su S., Wei H.

2017 - Discovery of benzimidazole derivatives as modulators of mitochondrial function: A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease

  Patchliner publication in PLoS ONE (2017)

Authors: 
Kim T., Yang H.Y., Park B.G., Jung S.Y., Park J.H., Park K.D., Min S.J., Tae J., Yang H., Cho S., Cho S.J., Song H., Mook-Jung I., Lee J., Pae A.N.

2017 - Development of Automated Patch Clamp Technique to Investigate CFTR Chloride Channel Function

  Patchliner publication in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2017)

Authors: 
Billet A.,Froux L., Hanrahan J.W., Becq F.

2017 - Correlation between human ether-a-go-go related gene channel inhibition and action potential prolongation

   Patchliner publication in British Journal of Pharmacology (2017)

Authors:
Saxena P., Hortigon‐Vinagre M.P., Beyl S.,Baburin I., Andranovits S., Iqbal S.M., Costa A., IJzerman A.P., Kügler P., Timin E., Smith G.L., Hering S.

2017 - Automated Patch Clamp Recordings of Human Stem Cell- Derived Cardiomyocytes.

  Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 384PE book chapter in Stem Cell-Derived Models in Toxicology (2017)

Authors: 
Obergrussberger A., Haarmann C., Stölzle-Feix S., Becker N., OhtsukiA., Brüggemann A., George M., Fertig N.

2017 - 14-3-3 proteins regulate K2P5.1 surface expression on T lymphocytes

  Patchliner publication in Traffic (2017)

Authors:
Fernández-Orth J., Ehling P., Ruck T., Pankratz S., Hofmann M.,Landgraf P., Dieterich D.C., SmallaK.-H., Kähne T., Seebohm G., Budde T., Wiendl H., Bittner S., Meuth S.G.

2017 - 'Gardos Channelopathy': a variant of hereditary Stomatocytosis with complex molecular regulation

  Patchliner publication in Scientific Reports (2017)

Authors: 
Fermo E., Bogdanova A., etkova-Kirova P., Zaninoni A., Marcello A.P., Makhro A., Hänggi P., Hertz L., Danielczok J., Vercellati C., Mirra N., Zanella A., Cortelezzi A., Barcellini W., Kaestner L., Bianchi P.

2016 - The antiepileptic medications carbamazepine and phenytoin inhibit native sodium currents in murine osteoblasts

  Patchliner publication in Epilepsia (2016)

Authors: 
Petty S.J., Milligan C.J., Todaro M., Richards K.L., Kularathna P.K., Pagel C.N., French C.R., Hill-Yardin E.L., O'Brien T.J., Wark J.D., Mackie E.J., Petrou S.

2016 - Myrsinane, Premyrsinane, and Cyclomyrsinane Diterpenes fromEuphorbia falcata as Potassium Ion Channel Inhibitors with Selective G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying Ion Channel (GIRK) Blocking Effects

  Patchliner publication in Journal of Natural Products (2016)

Authors: 
Vasas A., Forgo P., Orvos P., Tálosi L., Csorba A., Pinke G., Hohmann J.

2016 - Human T cells in silico: Modelling their electrophysiological behaviour in health and disease

  Patchliner publication in Journal of Theoretical Biology (2016)

Authors: 
Ehling P., Meuth P., Eichinger P., Hermann A.M., Bittner S., Pawlowski M., Pankratz S., Herty M., Budde T., Meuth S.G.

2016 - Human EAG channels are directly modulated by PIP2 as revealed by electrophysiological and optical interference investigations

  Patchliner publication in Scientific Reports (2016)

Authors: 
Han B., He K., Cai C., Tang Y., Yang L., Heinemann S.H., Hoshi T., Hou S.

2016 - Coupling Data Mining and Laboratory Experiments to Discover Drug Interactions Causing QT Prolongation

  Patchliner publication in Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)

Authors:
Lorberbaum T., Sampson K.J., Chang J.B., Iyer V., Woosley R.L., Kass R.S., Tatonetti N.P.

2016 - Automated Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

  Patchliner publication in Stem Cells and Development (2016)

Authors: 
Rajamohan D., Kalra S., Hoang M.D., George V., Staniforth A., Russell H., Yang X., Denning C.

2015 - Scalable Electrophysiological Investigation of iPS Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Obtained by a Lentiviral Purification Strategy

  Patchliner publication in Journal of Clinical Medicine (2015)

Authors: 
Friedrichs S., Malan D., Voss Y., Sasse P.

2015 - Novel screening techniques for ion channel targeting drugs

  Patchliner,      SyncroPatch 384PE and      CardioExcyte 96 publication in Channels (2015)

Authors: 
Obergrussberger A., Stölzle-Feix S., Becker N., Brüggemann A., Fertig N., Möller C.

2014 - Physiological and genetic analysis of multiple sodium channel variants in a model of genetic absence epilepsy

  Patchliner publication in Neurobiology of Disease (2014)

Authors: 
Oliva M.K., McGarr T.C., Beyer B.J., Gazina E., Kaplan D.I., Cordeiro L., Thomas E., Dib-Hajj S.D., Waxman S.G., Frankel W.N., Petrou S.

2014 - Multi-Generational Pharmacophore Modeling for Ligands to the Cholane Steroid-Recognition Site in the β1 Modulatory Subunit of the BK(Ca) Channel

  Patchliner publication in Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling (2014)

Authors: 
McMillan J.E., Bukiya A.N., Terrell C.L., Patil S.A., Miller D.D., Dopico A.M., Parrilla A.L.

2014 - Early identification of hERG liability in drug discovery programs by automated patch clamp

  Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 384PE publication in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2014)

Authors: 
Danker T., Moeller C.

2014 - Automated Patch Clamp Analysis of nAChα7 and NaV1.7 Channels

  Port-a-Patch and      Patchliner publication in Current Protocols in Pharmacology (2014)

Authors: 
Obergrussberger A., Haarmann C., Rinke I., Becker N., Guinot D., Brueggemann A., Stoelzle-Feix S., George M., Fertig N.

2013 - Red cell investigations: Art and artefacts

  Patchliner publication in Blood reviews (2013)

Authors: 
Minetti G., Egée S., Mörsdorf D., Steffen P., Makhro A., Achilli C., Ciana A., Wang J., Bouyer G., Bernhardt I., Wagner C., Thomas S., Bogdanova A., Kaestner L.

2013 - Minimized cell usage for stem cell-derived and primary cells on an automated patchclamp system

  Patchliner publication in Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (2013)

Authors: 
Becker N., Stoelzle S., Göpel S., Guinot D., Mumm P., Haarmann C., Malan D., Bohlen H., Kossolov E., Kettenhofen R., George M., Fertig N., Brüggemann A.

2013 - Establishment of a Secondary Screening Assay for P/Q-Type Calcium Channel Blockers

  Patchliner publication in Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening (2013)

Authors: 
Hermann D., Mezler M., Swensen A., Bruehl C., Obergrußberger A., Wicke K., Schoemaker H., Gross G., Draguhn A., Nimmrich V.

2013 - Automated Planar Patch Clamp

  Patchliner book chapter in Ion Channels (2013)

Authors: 
Milligan, C. J., Möller, C.

2012 - TRPA1 Agonist Activity of Probenecid Desensitizes Channel Responses: Consequences for Screening

   Patchliner publication in ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies (2012)

Authors: 
McClenaghan C., Zeng F., Verkuyl J.M.

2012 - Toward a new gold standard for early safety: automated temperature-controlled hERG test on the Patchliner

   Patchliner publication in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2012)

Authors: 
Polonchuk L.

2012 - Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Novel 3‐Azabicyclo [3.3. 0] octanyl Oxazolidinones

   Patchliner publication in Chemical Biology and Drug Design (2012)

Authors: 
Bhattarai D., Lee S.H., Seo S.H., Nam G., Kang S.B., Pae A.N., Kim E.E., Oh T., Cho S.N., Keum G.

2012 - Observation of Antinociceptive Effects of Oxymatrine and its Effect on Delayed Rectifier K+ Currents (Ik) in PC12 Cells

   Patchliner publication in Neurochemical Research (2012)

Authors: 
Wang Y., Yuan J., Yuan X., Wang W., Pei X., Zhao Q., Cao H., Xu M., Liu Z.

2012 - Natural and artificial ion channels for biosensing platforms

   Port-a-Patch,      Patchliner,      SyncroPatch 96 ((a predecessor model of SyncroPatch 384PE) and      Vesicle Prep Pro publication in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (2012)

Authors: 
Steller L., Kreir M., Salzer R.

2012 - HTS techniques for patch clamp-based ion channel screening - economy and advances

   Port-a-Patch,      Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 96 (a predecessor model of SyncroPatch 384PE) publication in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery (2012)

Authors: 
Farre C. and Fertig N.

2012 - Characterizing Human Ion Channels in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons

   Patchliner publication in Journal of Biomolecular Screening (2012)

Authors: 
Haythornthwaite A, Stoelzle S, Hasler A, Kiss A, Mosbacher J, George M, Brüggemann A, Fertig N.

2011 - State-of-the-art automated patch clamp devices: heat activation, action potentials, and high throughput in ion channel screening

   Port-a-Patch,     Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 96 (a predecessor model of SyncroPatch 384PE) publication in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2011)

Authors: 
Stoelzle S., Obergrussberger A., Brüggemann A., Haarmann C., George M., Kettenhofen R., Fertig N.

2011 - Rapid and Contrasting Effects of Rosiglitazone on Transient Receptor Potential TRPM3 and TRPC5 Channels

  Patchliner publication in Molecular Pharmacology (2011)

Authors: 
Majeed Y., Bahnasi Y., Seymour V.A.L., Wilson L.A., Milligan C.J., Agarwal A.K., Sukumar P., Naylor J., Beech D.J.

2011 - Pharmacological studies of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channels using automated patch-clamp techniques

  Patchliner publication in General Physiology and Biophysics (2011)

Authors: 
Choi K.-H., Song C., Cheong C.S., Rhim H.

2011 - Development of a selective small-molecule inhibitor of Kir1.1, the Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel

  Patchliner publication in Molecular Pharmacology (2011)

Authors: 
Bhave G., Chauder B.A., Liu W., Dawson E.S., Kadakia R., Nguyen T.T., Lewis L.M., Meiler J., Weaver C.D., Satlin L.M., Lindsley C.W., Denton J.S.

2011 - Cardiac Toxicity

   Patchliner and      Port-a-Patch book chapter in ADMET for Medicinal Chemists: A Practical Guide (2011)

Authors: 
Kettenhofen R., Schwengberg S.

2011 - Automated Patch Clamp on mESC-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Cardiotoxicity Prediction

   Patchliner and      Port-a-Patch publication in Journal of Biological Chemistry (2011)

Authors: 
Stoelzle S., Haythornthwaite A., Kettenhofen R., Kolossov E., Bohlen H., George M., Brüggemann A., Fertig N.

2011 - Automated electrophysiology makes the pace for cardiac ion channel safety screening

  Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 96 (a predecessor model of SyncroPatch 384PE) publication in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2011)

Authors: 
Möller C., Witchel H.

2011 - The Chimeric approach reveals that differences in the TRPV1 pore domain determine species-specific sensitivity to block of heat activation

   Patchliner publication in Journal of Biological Chemistry (2011)

Authors: 
Papakosta M., Dalle C., Haythornthwaite A., Cao L., Stevens E.B., Burgess G., Russell R., Cox P.J., Phillips S.C., Grimm C.

2010 - Renaissance of ion channel research and drug discovery by patch clamp automation

  Port-a-Patch,      Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 96 (a predecessor model of SyncroPatch 384PE)  publication in Future Medical Chemistry (2010)

Authors:
Farre C. and Fertig N.

2010 - Propranolol blocks cardiac and neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels

  Patchliner publication in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2010)

Authors: 
Wang D.W., Mistry A.M., Kahlig K.M., Kearney J.A, Xiang J., George Jr. A.L.

2010 - Pregnenolone Sulphate- and Cholesterol-Regulated TRPM3 Channels Coupled to Vascular Smooth Muscle Secretion and Contraction

  Patchliner publication in Circulation Research (2010)

Authors: 
Naylor J., Li J., Milligan C.J, Zeng F., Sukumar P., Hou B., Sedo A., Yuldasheva N., Majeed Y., Beri D., Jiang S., Seymour V.A.L, McKeown L., Kumar B., Harteneck C., O'Regan D., Wheatcroft S.B., Kearney M.T, Jones C., Porter K.E., Beech D.J.

2010 - Multiplexed transposon-mediated stable gene transfer in human cells

  Patchliner publication in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. (2010)

Authors: 
Kahlig K.M., Saridey S.K., Kaja A., Daniels M.A., George A.L. Jr., Wilson M.H.

2010 - Ircinialactams: subunit-selective glycine receptor modulators from Australian sponges of the family Irciniidae

  Patchliner publication in Bioorganic & Medical Chemistry (2010)

Authors: 
Balansa W, Islam R, Fontaine F, Piggott AM, Zhang H, Webb TI, Gilbert DF, Lynch JW, Capon RJ.

2010 - Cor.At Cardiomyocytes: Primary-like Cardiomyocytes for Manual and Automated Electrophysiological Screening

  Port-a-Patch and      Patchliner publication in Lonza Resource Notes (2010)

Authors:
Kettenhofen R., Stölzle S.

2009 - Robotic multiwell planar patch-clamp for native and primary mammalian cells

  Patchliner publication in Nature Protocols (2009)

Authors:
Milligan C.J., Li J., Sukumar P., Majeed Y., Dallas M.L., English A., Emery P., Porter K.E., Smith A.M., McFadzean I., Beccano-Kelly D., Bahnasi Y., Cheong A., Naylor J., Zeng F., Liu X., Gamper N., Jiang L., Pearson H.A., Peers C., Robertson B., Beech D.J.

2009 - Port-a-Patch and Patchliner: High fidelity electrophysiology for secondary screening and safety pharmacology

  Port-a-Patch and      Patchliner publication in Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening (2009)

Authors: 
Farre C., Haythornthwaite A., Haarmann C., Stoelzle S., Kreir M., George M., Brüggemann A., Fertig N.

2009 - High-throughput screening reveals a small-molecule inhibitor of the renal outer medullary potassium channel and Kir7.1

  Patchliner publication in Molecular Pharmacology (2009)

Authors: 
Lewis L.M., Bhave G., Chauder B.A., Banerjee S., Lornsen K.A., Redha R., Fallen K., Lindsley C.W., Weaver C.D., Denton J.S.

2009 - High throughput techniques for discovering new glycine receptor modulators and their binding sites

  Patchliner publication in Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (2009)

Authors: 
Gilbert D.F.,Islam R., Lynagh T., Lynch J.W., Webb T.I. Front.

2008 - TRPC channel activation by extracellular thioredoxin

  Patchliner publication in Nature (2008)

Authors: 
Xu S.Z., Sukumar P., Zeng F., Li J., Jairaman A., English A., Naylor J., Ciurtin C., Majeed Y., Milligan C.J., Bahnasi Y.M., Al-Shawaf E., Porter K.E., Jiang L.H., Emery P., Sivaprasadarao A., Beech D.J.

2008 - Production of a specific extracellular inhibitor of TRPM3 channels

  Patchliner publication in British Journal of Pharmacology (2008)

Authors: 
Naylor J., Milligan C.J., Zeng F., Jones C., Beech D.J.

2008 - Ion channel screening – automated patch clamp on the rise

  Port-a-Patch and      Patchliner publication in Drug Discovery Today (2008)

Authors: 
Farre C., George M., Brüggemann A., Fertig N.

2008 - Interactions, functions, and independence of plasma membrane STIM1 and TRPC1 in vascular smooth muscle cells

  Patchliner publication in Circulation Research (2008)

Authors: 
Li J., Sukumar P., Milligan C.J., Kumar B., Ma Z.Y., Munsch C.M., Jiang L.H., Porter K.E., Beech D.J.

2007 - Planar Patch Clamping

  Port-a-Patch and      Patchliner book chapter in "Patch Clamp Analysis – Advanced Techniques", Series: Neuromethods (2007)

Authors: 
Behrends, J.C., Fertig, N.

2007 - Automated ion channel screening: patch clamping made easy

  Port-a-Patch and      Patchliner publication in Expert Opinion Therapeutic Targets (2007)

Authors: 
Farre C., Stoelzle S., Haarman C., George M., Brueggemann A., Fertig N.

2006 - Microchip technology for automated and parallel patch clamp recording

  Port-a-Patch and      Patchliner publication in Small Journal (2006)

Authors: 
Brüggemann A., Stoelzle S., George M., Behrends J.C., Fertig N.

2018 - Expression and pharmacology of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors in cell lines and stem cell-derived neurons

   Port-a-Patch,      Patchliner and      SyncroPatch 384PE poster, Europhysiology Meeting 2018     (0.9 MB)

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2018 - Combining electrophysiology and contractility recordings for more complete assessment of hiPSC-CMs

   SyncroPatch 384PE,      Patchliner and      CardioExcyte 96 poster, Europhysiology Meeting 2018     (1.4 MB)

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2017 - Cardiomyocytes in Voltage Clamp and Current Clamp by Automated Patch Clamp

   SyncroPatch 384PE and      Patchliner poster, BPS Meeting 2017     (1.7 MB)

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2018 - Investigating pain pathways by inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels

   SyncroPatch 384PE and      Patchliner poster, FENS Meeting 2018     (2.5 MB)

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2018 - Introducing simulated IK1 into human iPSC-cardiomyocytes using dynamic clamp on an automated patch clamp setup

   Patchliner poster, Biophysics Annual Meeting 2018     (1.0 MB)

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2015 - Complementary automated patch clamp, extracellular field potential and impedance recordings of iPSCs: safety screening tool box for the future

  Patchliner and     CardioExcyte 96 and     SyncroPatch 384PE poster,   SPS 2015      (2.7 MB)

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2015 - The backstage pass to study your favorite TRP channel

  Port-a-Patch and     Patchliner and SyncroPatch 384PE and     SyncroPatch 384PE poster, TRP Meeting 2015      (2.2 MB)

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