EAAT3 - Excitatory Amino-acid Transporter 3 - EAAC1 - SLC1A1

Family:
Glutamate Transporters

Subgroups:
The family of glutamate transporters contains two subclasses:
EAAT: Exitatory amino acid transporters, dependent on an electrochemical gradient of sodium ions, with five members: EAAT1 - EAAT5
VGLUT: Vesicular glutamat transporters, not dependent on an electrochemical gradient, with four members: VGLUT1 - VGLUT3, Sialin

Topology:
EAAT: The proteins contain eight transmembrane domains and can form homo- and heteromers, where each monomer is a functional unit capable of substrate permeation.
VGLUT: A putative model propose twelve transmembrane segments for VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 and ten for VGLUT3

Function:
In the brain, EAATs remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft and extrasynaptic sites via glutamate reuptake into glial cells and neurons, while VGLUTs move glutamate from the cell cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles. Glutamate transporters also transport aspartate and are present in virtually all peripheral tissues, including the heart, liver, testes, and bone.

EAAT3: Background Information

The excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3; also known as EAAC1) is a sodium-dependent neuronal uptake transporter encoded by the slc1a1 gene.

Gene:
slc1a1

Human Protein:
UniProt P43005

Tissue:
mature neurons, where it is distributed in somata and dendrites.

Function/ Application:
EAAT3 functions as a co-transporter, coupling the uphill substrate transport into the cells to the electrochemical gradients of sodium and potassium.

Pathology:
Dysfunction of glutamate transporters leads to increased extracellular glutamate levels, thereby causing neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration.

Interaction:
GTRAP3-18

Substrates:
Glutamate, aspartate, cysteine

Assays:
SURFE²R transporter assays

Data and Applications

EAAT3 - Screening of 6 inhibitors

Icon 96SE SURFE²R 96SE data and applications:

Screening of 6 inhibitors for EAAT3. After negative control and full activation of the transporter, different concentrations of inhibitor were used. At the end the full activation was repeated.

EAAT3 - Current Traces at different Sodium Chloride Concentrations

Icon N1 SURFE²R N1 data and applications:

EAAT3 current traces were recorded after application of different Sodium Chloride concentrations. The EC₅₀ of the peak current was determined as 42.2 mM.