Gramicidin - Rapid Internal Solution Exchange
Port-a-Patch and 
Vesicle Prep Pro data and applications:
Switching of internal solutions during gramicidin recordings from a lipid bilayer was obtained within seconds. A lipid bilayer was formed using giant unilamellar vesicles. Currents were recorded at a holding potential of +150 mV. The internal solution was switched from HCl to KCl, resulting in lower channel conductance.